How to Use a Wheelchair: General Guide

For people with temporary injuries or long-term illnesses, using mobility aids such as wheelchairs, power chairs, or walking aids may be necessary. The basic way to use a wheelchair is to become familiar with its operation—such as how to safely get in and out, propel, and maneuver the chair.

This guide provides detailed information about different types of wheelchairs, practical tips for safe use, and other advice to help users move confidently and comfortably in various environments.

Understanding Different Types of Wheelchairs
Here is detailed information about different types of wheelchairs:

1. Manual or Standard Wheelchairs
Manual wheelchairs are common mobility devices powered by the user—either by pushing the wheels with their hands or feet—or by being pushed by someone else. These wheelchairs are versatile, lightweight, and usually foldable for easy storage and transport. They are suitable for short-term or occasional use and for people with sufficient upper body strength to move independently. However, prolonged use can be tiring. Manual wheelchairs come in various designs and can be customized to meet individual needs.

2. Electric Wheelchairs
Electric wheelchairs, also called power chairs, are equipped with a motor and require no physical effort to move. They offer greater independence and allow longer distances to be covered. Electric wheelchairs come in a range of sizes and models to suit different lifestyles and needs.

3. Travel Wheelchairs
Travel wheelchairs are designed for people who travel frequently and need a portable mobility solution. These chairs are lightweight, foldable, and compact, making them ideal for airports, public transport, or narrow doorways. They help maintain mobility even while on the move.

Seat and Backrest Adjustments
Comfortable seats and backrests are crucial for proper support. Important aspects include:

Seat width (wheelchair width): The seat should fit your body to avoid pressure points and provide adequate comfort.

Seat depth: This determines thigh and back support. Your thighs should be fully supported without pressure behind the knees.

Seat height: Important for sitting and standing. Your feet should reach the floor or footrests without pressure under the thighs.

Backrest height: Should provide sufficient back support, especially for the lower back, while allowing you to sit upright.

Backrest angle: Adjustable—upright for eating or talking, slightly reclined for relaxation.

Armrest height: Should allow you to lean back without straining your shoulders.

Basic Wheelchair Maneuvering
When using a wheelchair for the first time, mastering the following basic movements is essential:

Moving forward
Firmly hold the push rims or handles. Push one wheel forward while pulling the other backward to move forward.

Moving backward
Reverse the same principle: push one wheel backward while pulling the other forward.

Turning
For a right turn, push the right wheel forward while moving the left wheel backward. For a left turn, do the opposite. Practice smooth control.

Spinning in place
Useful in narrow spaces. Turn one wheel while keeping the other stationary.

Navigating obstacles
Approach obstacles at an angle. Combine forward, backward, and turning movements to move safely.

Braking
Release the handrim to stop. Some models have parking brakes that can be engaged via a lever or switch.

Conclusion
This guide provides basic knowledge for safely using manual and electric wheelchairs. Whether buying a new or used wheelchair, it is important to consider the chair’s width, seat comfort, maneuverability, and mobility needs. If necessary, a professional can help you choose and adjust your mobility device to meet your optimal specifications.